- AGYRIA
Agyria is the absence of convolutions over the cerebral hemispheres associated with thickening of cortical gray mantle
SYNONYM: Lissencephalia
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- AMYELIA
Amyelia is absence of the spinal cord
SYNONYM:
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- ATELOMYELIA
Atelomyelia is an imperfect development of the spinal cord
SYNONYM:
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- BRACHIAL PLEXUS, DISPLACEMENT OF
Displacement of brachial plexus is an abnormal placement of the brachial plexus
SYNONYM:
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- CAUDA EQUINA, CONGENITAL DEFECTIVE DEVELOPMENT OF
Congenital defective development of the cauda equina is a malformation of the cauda equina
SYNONYM:
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- CEPHALOCELE, ORBITAL
Orbital cephalocele is a protrusion of brain substance through a defect in the bones surrounding the eye
SYNONYM:
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- CEREBELLUM, ABSENCE OF, AGENESIS OF, APLASIA OF, OR HYPOPLASIA OF CEREBRAL HERNIA, CONGENITAL
Congenital cerebral hernia is a protrusion of brain substance through a skull defect
SYNONYM: Congenital Brain Hernia
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- CEREBRAL HERNIA, ENDAURAL
Endaural cerebral hernia is a protrusion of cerebral meninges arid brain into the ear canal
SYNONYM:
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- CEREBRAL MENINGES, CONGENITAL ADHESIONS OF
Congenital adhesions of cerebral meninges are adherent meninges of the brain
SYNONYM:
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- CORPUS CALLOSUM, ABSENCE OF, AGENESIS OF, APLASIA OF, OR HYPOPLASIA OF DERENCEPHALOCELE
Derencephalocele is the protrusion of a small brain in the cervical spinal canal associated with an open skull
SYNONYM:
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- DIASTEMATOMYELIA
Diastematomyelia is a double or split spinal column, usually separated by bone cartilage or fibrous tissue
SYNONYM:
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- DYSAUTONOMIA, FAMILIAL
Familial dysautonomia is a congenital syndrome with nervous system disturbances, particularly autonomic
SYNONYM: Riley-Day Syndrome
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- DYSPLASIA, ENCEPHALOOPHTHALMIC
Encephaloophthalmic dysplasia consists of cerebral and retinal malformations with multiple eye defects and mental retardation
SYNONYM: Krause’s Syndrome
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- DYSRAPHIA
Dysraphia is an incomplete closure of the neural tube
SYNONYM:
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- ECTOPIA, FACIAL NERVE
Facial nerve ectopia is an inferior displacement of the facial nerve so that it lies between the oval and round windows
SYNONYM:
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- ENCEPHALOCELE
Encephalocele is a protrusion of part of the brain through a congenital opening in the skull
SYNONYM:
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- ENCEPHALODYSPLASIA
Encephalodysplasia is a congenital brain deformity
SYNONYM:
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- ENCEPHALOMENINGOCELE
Encephalomeningocele is a protrusion of brain covered with meninges through a gap in the skull
SYNONYM:
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- ENCEPHALOMYELOCELE
Encephalomyelocele is a herniation of brain and spinal cord or meninges through a defect in the occipital region of the spine
SYNONYM:
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- HOLOPROSENCEPHALY
Holoprosencephaly is a single forebrain resulting from its failure to divide into hemispheres
SYNONYM:
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- HYDROENCEPHALOCELE
Hydroencephalocele is a protrusion of a sac of brain substance, containing cerebrospinal fluid, through a cleft in the skull
SYNONYM:
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- HYDROENCEPHALOMENINGOCELE
Hydroencephalomeningocele is the protrusion of a sac containing brain meninges and cerebrospinal fluid through a defect in the skull
SYNONYM:
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- HYDROMENINGOCELE, CRANIAL
Cranial hydromeningocele is a protrusion of a meningeal sac containing cerebrospinal fluid through a defect in the skull
SYNONYM:
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- HYDROMICROCEPHALY
Hydromicrocephaly is an increased amount of cerebrospinal fluid associated with microcephaly
SYNONYM:
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- HYDRORACHIS EXTERNA
Hydrorachis externa is an increased amount of spinal fluid between cord and membranes
SYNONYM:
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- HYDRORACHIS INTERNA
Hydrorachis interna is an increased amount of spinal fluid in the central canal or in cavities in the cord
SYNONYM:
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- HYDROSYRINGOMYELIA
Hydrosyringomyelia is the presence of abnormal spaces in the spinal cord associated with distention of the spinal canal by fluid
SYNONYM:
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- JAW-WINKING SYNDROME
Jaw-winking syndrome is characterized by an increase in width of eyelids during chewing
SYNONYM: Jaw-winking Phenomenon, Marcus Gunn Syndrome
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- JAW-WINKING SYNDROME, REVERSE
Reverse jaw-winking syndrome is characterized by the closure of the eyelids when the mouth is opened widely
SYNONYM: Marin Amat Syndrome
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- MACROCEPHALY WITH HEMANGIOMATA AND PSEUDOPAPILLEDEMA SYNDROME
Macrocephaly with hemangiomata and pseudopapilledema syndrome is a syndrome with multiple cutaneous hemangiomata, pseudopapilledema, and macrocephaly without hydrocephalus
SYNONYM: Riley-Smith Syndrome
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- MACROGYRIA
Macrogyria is the presence of abnormally large cerebral convolutions
SYNONYM:
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- MEGALENCEPHALY
Megalencephaly is an abnormal largeness of the brain
SYNONYM:
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- MENINGOCELE, CEREBRAL
Cerebral meningocele is a protrusion of the meninges of the brain through a skull defect
SYNONYM:
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- MENINGOENCEPHALOCELE
Meningoencephalocele is a protrusion of brain and meninges through a skull defect
SYNONYM:
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- MICRENCEPHALY
Micrencephaly is an abnormally small brain
SYNONYM: Microencephalon, Microencephaly
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- MICROCEPHALY
Microcephaly is an abnormally small head
SYNONYM: Microcephalism
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- MICROGYRIA
Microgyria is the presence of abnormally small brain convolutions
SYNONYM:
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- MYELATELIA
Myelatelia is imperfect development of the spinal cord
SYNONYM: Hypoplasia of the Spinal Cord
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- MYELOSCHISIS
Myeloschisis is a failure of closure of the neural folds, resulting in a cleft spinal cord
SYNONYM:
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- NERVE, AGENESIS OF OCULAR ORBIT, ABSENCE OF ROOF OF
Absence of roof of ocular orbit is agenesis of the roof of the orbit of the eye
SYNONYM:
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- OPTIC ATROPHY-ATAXIA SYNDROME
Optic atrophy-ataxia syndrome is a combination of pyramidal lesions, ataxia, optic nerve atrophy, mental deficiency, and other defects
SYNONYM: Behr’s Syndrome
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- OPTIC NERVE, HYPOPLASIA OF PACHYGYRIA
Pachygyria is the presence of unusually thick convolutions of the cerebral cortex
SYNONYM:
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- PORENCEPHALY
Porencephaly is the presence of cavities within the brain
SYNONYM:
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- PORENCEPHALY, FALSE
False porencephaly is the presence of multiple cystic cavities anywhere in the cerebral hemispheres but not communicating with the meningeal space or ventricles
SYNONYM:
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- PSEUDOOPHTHALMOPLEGIA SYNDROME
Pseudoophthalmoplegia syndrome is the loss of control of the voluntary muscles of the eye but with retention of vestibulogenic eye deviation, due to a lesion in the basal ganglia or tectum
SYNONYM: Roth-Bielschowsky Disease
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- SCHIZENCEPHALY
Schizencephaly is the presence of abnormal clefts in the brain substance
SYNONYM:
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- SCHIZOGYRIA
Schizogyria is a deformity of the cerebral convolutions by breaks in Continuity
SYNONYM:
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- SEPTUM PELLUCIDUM AGENESIS SYNDROME
Septum pellucidum agenesis syndrome is failure of development of the septum pellucidum with lacunar skull, hydrocephalus, spina bifida, and status dysraphicus
SYNONYM: Durand-Zunin Syndrome
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- SINUS PERICRANII
Sinus pericranii is a vascular scalp tumor communicating directly with an intracranial sinus through a skull defect
SYNONYM:
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- SPINAL MENINGES, CONGENITAL ADHESIONS OF
Congenital adhesions of the spinal meninges are spinal meninges continuous with adjacent tissues
SYNONYM:
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- SPINAL MENINGES, CONGENITAL ANOMALY OF
Congenital anomaly of the spinal meninges is a malformation of the spinal meninges
SYNONYM:
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- SPINOCEREBELLAR ATAXIA—RETINITIS PIGMENTOSA SYNDROME
Spinocerebellar ataxia-retinitis pigmentosa syndrome is retinitis pigmentosa, deafness, spinocerebellar ataxia, and often mental retardation
SYNONYM: Graefe-Sjogren Syndrome
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- SYNENCEPHALOCELE
Synencephalocele is a protrusion of brain substance through a cranial defect with reduction prevented by adhesions
SYNONYM:
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- ULEGYRIA
Ulegyria is the presence of narrow and scarred cerebral gyri
SYNONYM:
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The American Collage of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
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Committee on Terminology
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Edward C. Hughes, M.D., Chairman and Editor-in-Chief |
Craig W. Muckle, M.D., Co-Chairman |
Members
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Russell R. deAlvarez, M.D. |
C. Paul Hodgkinson, M.D. |
Myron Gordon, M.D. |
Schuyler G. Kohl, M.D. |
W.R. Carl Tupper, M.D. |
Paul D. Bruns, M.D. |
Luigi Mastroianni, M.D. |
Roy G. Holly, M.D. |
Donald G. McKay, M.D. |
S. Leon Israel, M.D. |
Edith L. Potter, M.D. |
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